Every thing about Black Holes: Facts, Theory & Definition (Xnaz)

Black holes are among the strangest and most intriguing objects in space. These are extremely dense objects that are so powerful that even light can not escape the range if it is close enough. Read on to learn the facts of the black hole

Albert Einstein first predicted black holes in 1916 with his general theory of relativity. The term "black hole" was coined in 1967 by the American astronomer John Wheeler and the first discovered in 1971.

There are three types: stellar black holes, supermassive black holes and medium black holes.
Stellar black holes - small but deadly

If a star burns the last fuel, it can collapse or fall on itself. For smaller stars, which are up to three times as large as the solar mass, the new nucleus is a neutron star or a white dwarf. But when a larger star collapses, it compresses further, creating a stellar black hole.

The black holes created by the collapse of individual stars are (relatively) small, but incredibly dense. An object of this kind contains at least three times the mass of the Sun in a city-sized area. This leads to a great gravitational force that pulls objects around. Black holes consume the dust and gases of the surrounding galaxy and grow larger.

According to the Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Center, "the Milky Way contains several hundred million stellar black holes.
The supermassive black holes - the birth of the giants

Small black holes populate the universe, but their cousins, the supermassive black holes, dominate. Supermassive black holes are millions, even billions of times more massive than the Sun, but their radius is similar to that of the nearest-Earth star. It is believed that these black holes are at the center of almost all galaxies, including the Milky Way.

Scientists do not know how these big black holes are created. Once formed, they collect a lot of dust and gas around them, a material found in the center of galaxies that allows them to grow to enormous sizes.

Illustration of a young black hole, like the two distant dust-free quasars recently seen by the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Illustration of a young black hole, like the two distant dust-free quasars recently seen by the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Supermassive black holes can be created by merging hundreds or thousands of small black holes. It can also be responsible for large gas clouds that collapse and quickly accumulate mass. A third option is the collapse of a group of stars, a group of stars that coincide.
Black intermediate holes - taken in the middle

Scientists previously thought that black holes are only small and large sizes, but recent research has revealed the possibility of medium to medium size black holes (IMBs). Such bodies can form when stars in a group collide in a chain reaction. Many of them that form in the same area could eventually collapse in the center of a galaxy and create a supermassive black hole.

In 2014, astronomers discovered a seemingly middle black hole in the arm of a spiral galaxy.

"Astronomers were very interested in these medium-sized black holes," said Tim Roberts, co-author of the University of Durham in the UK, in a statement.

"There are signs that they exist, but IMBH acts as a long-lost parent who does not want to be found."

The theory of the black hole: how does it work?

The black holes are incredibly massive, but cover only a small area. Due to the relationship between mass and gravity, they have an extremely strong gravity. They miss next to nothing: In classical physics, even light from a black hole is captured.

Such a force creates an observation problem with black holes: Scientists can not "see" them because they can see stars and other objects in space. Instead, scientists must rely on radiation that is attracted to dust and gas by dense creatures. Supermassive black holes located in the center of a galaxy can be enveloped by dust and the surrounding gases, blocking the control emissions.

Black holes are strange regions where gravity is sufficient